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    Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

    A logical network segment that separates groups of devices while they share the same physical switching infrastructure.

    What is Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)?

    A virtual local area network, or VLAN, separates network traffic into logical groups without requiring a separate physical switch for each group. A commercial network may place office computers, cameras, access control, guest Wi-Fi, building controls, and voice devices on different VLANs. That separation can improve security, reduce unnecessary broadcast traffic, and make troubleshooting easier. VLANs are configured in switches, routers, firewalls, and wireless controllers; the cabling itself does not create them. Access ports usually carry one endpoint network, while trunk links can carry several tagged VLANs between switches or infrastructure devices. Successful deployment requires coordinated VLAN IDs, IP subnets, DHCP, routing, firewall rules, and port assignments. During turnover, the owner should receive a current port schedule and network diagram so a later patching change does not put a device on the wrong network.

    Frequently asked questions

    No. VLANs are configured on network equipment. The cabling contractor should provide accurate labels and port schedules so the network team can assign ports correctly.

    VLANs separate traffic such as guest Wi-Fi, cameras, access control, and staff networks on shared equipment, which helps security and management.

    Not always. VLANs are a logical separation. Some systems or policies may still call for separate hardware or extra security controls.

    Published references

    Use the current project documents and adopted code. These links identify the standards owner, regulator, or manufacturer behind this article.

    Where EIG PRO uses this

    Service

    networking

    Service

    structured cabling

    Service

    security

    Related terms

    Wireless Access Point (WAP)

    The ceiling- or wall-mounted radio that provides Wi-Fi coverage, powered and connected over a single Ethernet cable.

    IDF (Intermediate Distribution Frame)

    A secondary networking closet that houses switches and patch panels for a section of a building.

    MDF (Main Distribution Frame)

    The central networking room where the building's primary network equipment, ISP demarcs, and core switches live.

    Patch Panel

    A panel of ports — usually rack-mounted in an IDF or MDF — where every horizontal cable terminates, so devices connect through short patch cords.

    VMS (Video Management System)

    The software that records, displays, and manages video from a network of IP cameras.

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